OU - Faculty and Staff Publications

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Open Access
10. Of Time and the Textbooks
(American Behavioral Scientist, 1958-09-01) Sam Krislov
Is the latest textbook necessarily the most up-to-date? Twelve new (since mid-1956) textbooks on basic national government were found to contain little or no reference to two new developments of some import. The author concludes that the latest text provides instructors with no reliable substitute for individual initiative in keeping informed.
Open Access
125 Years of Books to Internet: The Quasquicentennial of the University of Oklahoma Libraries
(2015-12) Wilhite, Jeffrey M.
Settled upon the Great Plains in 1890, the University of Oklahoma has a long and distinguished history. And the University of Oklahoma Libraries have as storied a history as the University they are nestled within. From one bookcase of fifty-three books brought in by train by the first president, to the current holdings of more than six million volumes, the University of Oklahoma Libraries have grown and changed along with the twists and turns of America. One hundred and twenty-five years after their founding—through wars, depressions, the Dust Bowl, budget cuts, microfiche, and now the Internet—the University of Oklahoma Libraries have not only persevered but prospered, and have grown into the largest research library in the state as well as one of the premiere libraries in the United States.
Open Access
2023 International Conference on Heritage and Affect
(2023-11) Person, Angela; Micieli-Voutsinas, Jacque
Open Access
A 3-Year Study of Middle, Junior High, and High School IEP Meetings
(ÔªøExceptional Children, 2004-04-01) James E. Martin; Laura Huber Marshall; Paul Sale
↵ JAMES E. MARTIN (CEC #456), Zarrow Endowed Professor in Special Education, Zarrow Center for Learning Enrichment, University of Oklahoma, Norman. LAURA HUBER MARSHALL (CEC # 382), Project Coordinator, Center for Self-Determination, College of Education, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs. PAUL SALE (CEC #1043), Dean, College of Education, Radford University, Radford, Virginia.
Open Access
A. D. Lindsay and the Problems of Mass Democracy
(Political Research Quarterly, 1963-12-01)
Open Access
Ablation of Doublecortin-Like Kinase 1 in the Colonic Epithelium Exacerbates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis
(PLos One, 2015-08-18) Dongfeng Qu; Nathaniel Weygant; Randal May; Parthasarathy Chandrakesan; Mohammad Madhoun; Naushad Ali; Sripathi M. Sureban; Guangyu An; Michael J. Schlosser; Courtney W. Houchen
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (Dclk1), a microtubule-associated kinase, marks the fifth lineage of intestinal epithelial cells called tuft cells that function as tumor stem cells in Apc mutant models of colon cancer. In order to determine the role of Dclk1 in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colonic inflammation both intestinal epithelial specific Dclk1 deficient (VillinCre;Dclk1f/f) and control (Dclk1f/f) mice were fed 3% DSS in drinking water for 9 days, allowed to recover for 2 days, and killed. The clinical and histological features of DSS-induced colitis were scored and immunohistochemical, gene expression, pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and immunoblotting analyses were used to examine epithelial barrier integrity, inflammation, and stem and tuft cell features. In DSS-induced colitis, VillinCre;Dclk1f/f mice demonstrated exacerbated injury including higher clinical colitis scores, increased epithelial barrier permeability, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, decreased levels of Lgr5, and dysregulated Wnt/b-Catenin pathway genes. These results suggest that Dclk1 plays an important role in regulating colonic inflammatory response and colonic epithelial integrity.
Open Access
Academic and Applied Policy Studies: A Comparison
(American Behavioral Scientist, 1987-07-01)
Open Access
Academic integrity: The relationship between individual and situational factors on misconduct contemplations
(2007-03-22) Kisamore, Jennifer L.; Stone, Thomas H.; Jawahar, I.M.
Recent, well-publicized scandals, involving unethical conduct have rekindled interest in academic misconduct. Prior studies of academic misconduct have focused exclusively on situational factors (e.g., integrity culture, honor codes), demographic variables or personality constructs. We contend that it is important to also examine how these classes of variables interact to influence perceptions of and intentions relating to academic misconduct. In a sample of business students, we examined how integrity culture interacts with Prudence and Adjustment to explain variance in estimated frequency of cheating, suspicions of cheating, considering cheating and reporting cheating. Age, integrity culture, and personality variables were significantly related to different criteria. Overall, personality variables explained the most unique variance in academic misconduct, and Adjustment interacted with integrity culture, such that integrity culture had more influence on intentions to cheat for less well adjusted individuals. Implications for practice are discussed and future research directions are offered.
Open Access
Accreditation Comes to Public Administration: ‚Äî An Editorial ‚Äî
(The American Review of Public Administration, 1979-06-01)
Open Access
Accurate characterization of moisture absorption in polymeric materials
(2017-01-29) Hamidi, Youssef K.; Guloglu, Gorkem E.; Altan, M. Cengiz
The importance of using the exact solution of the hindered diffusion model is demonstrated on experimental data from a nanoclay/epoxy composite.
Open Access
Achieved availability importance measure for enhancing reliability-centered maintenance decisions
(Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 2015-02-01) Mary A Gravette; Kash Barker
An effective defense strategy requires aircraft, among other weapons systems, to be available and ready for use when circumstances deem necessary. This article offers a set of importance measures to identify the critical components in a system from their influence on system-achieved availability, a common Department of Defense availability calculation that is a ratio of mean time between maintenance and total system time, including mean maintenance time. With these measures, more effective maintenance plans, including inspection and supply inventory, can focus on those components that more significantly impact achieved availability. A decision-making formulation results from these component importance measures, and an example based on a US Air Force system illustrates the modeling contributions.
Open Access
Action Research as a Burnout Intervention: Reducing Burnout in the Federal Fire Service
(The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 2006-06-01) Jonathon R. B. Halbesleben; Holly K. Osburn; Michael D. Mumford
Despite a rapidly growing body of work on the nature of stress and burnout in organizations, relatively little research has been conducted to develop strategies for reducing burnout. In this article, we discuss collaborative action research as a mechanism for the reduction of burnout. The authors demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in the context of a federal fire department. Findings suggest that action research has potential as a mechanism for the reduction of burnout, particularly because it is a more holistic approach that can be tailored to fit the needs of an organization.
Open Access
Action sports athletes as entrepreneurs: Female professional wakeboarders, sponsorship, and branding
(2014-11) Parris, Denise Linda; Troilo, Michael L.; Bouchet, Adrien; Peachey, Jon Welty
This teaching case explores the sport of wakeboarding to examine how its female practitioners need to become entrepreneurial in order to make a living from the sport. Students ponder the financial pressures of becoming a professional female wakeboarder, and how to sustain momentum once one turns professional. The significance and inter-relationship of sponsorship and self-branding/promotion figure prominently. Costs of competing are high in the best of circumstances, and nearly insurmountable without corporate backing. Obtaining such support requires a healthy degree of marketing oneself. The female riders offer a number of anecdotes and recollections providing salience to issues concerning sustainability and gender inequity. Male riders may earn up to four times more on tour than female riders and there is pressure to adapt to the “boys’ club” to advance one's career. Earning a living through involvement in wakeboarding is difficult for women. Models of entrepreneurism are provided to guide student discussion in developing strategies to overcome issues for female wakeboarders making the sport financially attractive for female competitors.
Open Access
Activation of ERK and NF-κB during HARE-Mediated Heparin Uptake Require Only One of the Four Endocytic Motifs
(PLos One, 2016-04-21) Madhu S. Pandey; Colton M. Miller; Edward N. Harris; Paul H. Weigel
Fifteen different ligands, including heparin (Hep), are cleared from lymph and blood by the Hyaluronan (HA) Receptor for Endocytosis (HARE; derived from Stabilin-2 by proteolysis), which contains four endocytic motifs (M1-M4). Endocytosis of HARE•Hep complexes is targeted to coated pits by M1, M2, and M3 (Pandey et al, Int. J. Cell Biol. 2015, article ID 524707), which activates ERK1/2 and NF-κB (Pandey et al J. Biol. Chem. 288, 14068–79, 2013). Here, we used a NF-κB promoter-driven luciferase gene assay and cell lines expressing different HARE cytoplasmic domain mutants to identify motifs needed for Hep-mediated signaling. Deletion of M1, M2 or M4 singly had no effect on Hep-mediated ERK1/2 activation, whereas signaling (but not uptake) was eliminated in HARE(ΔM3) cells lacking NPLY2519. ERK1/2 signaling in cells expressing WT HARE(Y2519A) or HARE(Y2519A) lacking M1, M2 and M4 (containing M3-only) was decreased by 75% or eliminated, respectively. Deletion of M3 (but not M1, M2 or M4) also inhibited the formation of HARE•Hep•ERK1/2 complexes by 67%. NF-κB activation by HARE-mediated uptake of Hep, HA, dermatan sulfate or acetylated LDL was unaffected in single-motif deletion mutants lacking M1, M2 or M4. In contrast, cells expressing HARE(ΔM3) showed loss of HARE-mediated NF-κB activation during uptake of each of these four ligands. NF-κB activation by the four signaling ligands was also eliminated in HARE(Y2519A) or HARE(M3-only;Y2519A) cells. We conclude that the HARE NPLY2519 motif is necessary for both ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling and that Tyr2519 is critical for these functions.
Open Access
Acute and Chronic Bone Marker and Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise With and Without Blood Flow Restriction in Young Men
(2022-03-17) Bemben, Debra A.; Sherk, Vanessa D.; Buchanan, Samuel R.; Kim, SoJung; Sherk, Kyle; Bemben, Michael G.
In this study, we compared acute and chronic bone marker and hormone responses to 6 weeks of low intensity (20% 1RM) blood flow restriction (BFR20) resistance training to high intensity (70% 1RM) traditional resistance training (TR70) and moderate intensity (45% 1RM) traditional resistance training (TR45) in young men (18–35 years). Participants were randomized to one of the training groups or to a control group (CON). The following training programs were performed 3 days per week for 6 weeks for knee extension and knee flexion exercises: BFR20, 20%1RM, 4 sets (30, 15, 15, 15 reps) wearing blood flow restriction cuffs around the proximal thighs; TR70, 70% 1RM 3 sets 10 reps; and TR45, 45% 1RM 3 sets 15 reps. Muscle strength and thigh cross-sectional area were assessed at baseline, between week 3 and 6 of training. Acute bone marker (Bone ALP, CTX-I) and hormone (testosterone, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, cortisol) responses were assessed at weeks 1 and 6, with blood collection done in the morning after an overnight fast. The main findings were that the acute bone formation marker (Bone ALP) showed significant changes for TR70 and BFR20 but there was no difference between weeks 1 and 6. TR70 had acute increases in testosterone, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 (weeks 1 and 6). BFR20 had significant acute increases in testosterone (weeks 1 and 6) and in IGF-1 at week 6, while TR45 had significant acute increases in testosterone (week 1), IGF-1 (week 6), and IGFBP-3 (week 6). Strength and muscle size gains were similar for the training groups. In conclusion, low intensity BFR resistance training was effective for stimulating acute bone formation marker and hormone responses, although TR70 showed the more consistent hormone responses than the other training groups.
Open Access
Acute and Chronic Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Balance, Postural Stability, and Mobility in Women With Multiple Sclerosis
(2018-12-27) Freitas, Eduardo D. S.; Fredericksen, Christine; Miller, Ryan M; Heishman, Aaron; Anderson, Mark; Pardo, Gabriel; Fjeldstad, Cecilie; Bemben, Debra A.; Bemben, Michael G.
The acute and chronic effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on balance, postural stability, and mobility were evaluated in 21 women with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) randomly assigned to control (n = 9) or experimental (n = 12) groups. To assess acute responses, outcome variables were assessed before and immediately after a session of WBV (five 30-second bouts of vibration; frequency 30 Hz; amplitude 3 mm; 1-minute rest intervals) during their first visit (week 1) using field (Timed-Up and Go; 500-m walk; Berg Balance Scale) and laboratory tests (NeuroCom Balance Master and EquiTest System—Sensory Organization Test, Adaptation Test, Limits of Stability, Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Integration of Balance, Unilateral Stance, Tandem Walk, Step/Quick Turn). Acute responses were also measured after their fifth visit for only the Adaptation and Sensory Organization tests. For the chronic responses, participants were exposed to the WBV protocol once a week, for a total of 5 weeks, and then at week 5, were reassessed with the Adaptation and the Sensory Organization tests. Neither acute nor chronic exposure to the WBV protocols used in this study resulted in significant improvements (P > .05) in balance, postural stability, or mobility as assessed by either field or laboratory tests. However, based on promising results from other studies that have used WBV with other clinical populations, either alone or in conjunction with exercise, additional studies that increase the dose of vibration exposure, both acutely and chronically, should be conducted in patients with MS.
Open Access
Acute Physiological Responses to Resistance Exercise With Continuous Versus Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction A Randomized Controlled Trial
(2020-03-17) Freitas, Eduardo D.S.; Miller, Ryan M.; Heishman, Aaron D.; Ferreira-Júnior, João B.; Araújo, Joarmira P.; Bemben, Michael G.
The primary goal of this investigation was to examine the physiological responses of blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance exercise (RE) performed with continuous or intermittent BFR and to compare these results to those from conventional high- and low-load RE without BFR. Fourteen men randomly completed the following experimental trials: (1) low-load RE with continuous BFR (cBFR), (2) low-load RE with intermittent BFR (iBFR), (3) low-load RE without BFR (LI), and (4) conventional high-load RE without BFR (HI). For the cBFR, iBFR, and LI exercise trials, participants performed four sets of 30–15–15–15 repetitions of the bilateral leg press (LP) and knee extension (KE) exercises, at an intensity of 20% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM), at a 1.5-s contraction speed, and with a 1-min rest period between sets. The only difference between the cBFR and iBFR protocols was that the pressure of the cuffs was released during the rest intervals between sets for the iBFR trial. For the HI trial, participants completed four sets of 10 repetitions of the same exercises, at 70% of 1-RM, with a 1-min rest period between sets, and at the same contraction speed. Muscle activity was assessed during each set using superficial electromyography, as well as changes in blood lactate concentration [La–] from baseline at 5 min post exercise and in muscle swelling and plasma volume (%ΔPV) at 5 and 15 min post exercise. There were no significant differences in muscle activity (p < 0.05) across the cBFR, iBFR, and LI protocols at any time point, whereas they were all significantly lower than HI. There were also no significant (p < 0.05) differences across the three low-load RE conditions for [La–],%ΔPV, or muscle swelling. HI elicited significantly (p < 0.05) greater responses than cBFR, iBFR, and LI for all the physiological markers measured. In conclusion, RE combined with cBFR or iBFR induce the same acute physiological responses. However, the largest physiological responses are observed with HI, probably because of the significantly greater exercise volumes. Therefore, releasing the pressure of the restrictive cuffs during the rest periods between sets will not hinder the acute physiological responses from BFR RE.
Open Access
The Acute Physiological Responses to Traditional vs. Practical Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise in Untrained Men and Women
(2020-09-29) Freitas, Eduardo D. S.; Galletti, Bianca R.A.; Koziol, Karolina J.; Miller, Ryan M.; Heishman, Aaron D.; Black, Christopher D.; Bemben, Debra; Bemben, Michael G.
This study compared the acute physiological responses of traditional and practical blood flow restriction resistance exercise (tBFR and pBFR, respectively) and high- and low-load resistance exercise without BFR (HL and LL, respectively), as well as the potential sex differences within the aforementioned exercise methods. Fourteen men and fifteen women randomly completed the following experimental conditions: (1) tBFR, consisting of four sets of 30-15-15-15 repetitions of the bilateral horizontal leg press and knee extension exercises, at 30% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM), with a 13.5 cm wide pneumatic cuff placed at the most proximal portion of each thigh and inflated to a pressure equivalent to 50% of the participant’s total occlusion pressure; (2) pBFR, which was the same as the tBFR condition, except that an elastic band wrapped around the proximal portion of each thigh at a tightness of 7 on a 0 to 10 perceived pressure scale was used to reduce blood flow; (3) LL, same as the tBFR and pBFR protocols, except that no BFR was applied; and (4) HL, consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of 1-RM, with the same 1-min rest interval between sets and a 3-min rest period between exercises. At baseline, immediately post-, 5 min post-, and 15 min post-exercise, whole-blood lactate (WBL), indices of muscle swelling (muscle thickness and thigh circumference), hematocrit and plasma volume changes, were measured as well as superficial electromyography (sEMG) amplitude during exercise. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between the tBFR and pBFR exercise protocols for any of the physiological parameters assessed. However, significantly greater (p < 0.05) WBL and sEMG values were observed for HL compared to the remaining exercise conditions. Finally, males displayed greater WBL levels than females at 15 min post-exercise. Interestingly, males also displayed significantly (p < 0.05) greater sEMG amplitude than females within the low-load trials during leg press, but no significant (p < 0.05) sex differences were observed during knee extension. In conclusion, tBFR and pBFR seemed to be capable of inducing the same acute physiological responses. Furthermore, males displayed greater responses than females for some of the physiological parameters measured.
Open Access
Adaptations in antagonist co-activation: Role in the repeated-bout effect
(2017-12-07) Hight, Robert E.; Beck, Travis; Bemben, Debra A.; Black, Christopher
Eccentric exercise results in an adaptation which attenuates muscle damage from subsequent exercise—termed the “repeated-bout effect (RBE).” Purpose: Study examined antagonist co-activation and motor-unit recruitment strategy, assessed via dEMG, concomitant to the RBE. Methods: Nine participants performed 5 sub-maximal isometric trapezoid (ramp-up, hold, ramp-down) contractions at force levels corresponding to 50% and 80% of maximal isometric strength (MVC). Surface EMG signals of the biceps brachii were decomposed into individual motor-unit action potential trains. The relationship between mean firing rate (MFR) of each motor-unit and its recruitment threshold (RT) was examined using linear regression. Eccentric exercise was then performed until biceps brachii MVC had decreased by ~40%. Surface EMG of the biceps and triceps were collected during eccentric exercise. MVC, range-of-motion (ROM), and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) were measured 24-hours, 72-hours, and 1-week following eccentric exercise. Three weeks later all procedures were repeated. Results: Changes in MVC (-32±14% vs -25±10%; p = 0.034), ROM (-11% vs 6%; p = 0.01), and DOMS (31.0±19mm vs 19±12mm; p = 0.015) were attenuated following the second bout of exercise. Triceps EMG was reduced (16.8±9.5% vs. 12.6±7.2%; p = 0.03) during the second bout of eccentric exercise. The slope (-0.60±0.13 vs -0.70±0.18; p = 0.029) and y-intercept (46.5±8.3 vs 53.3±8.8; p = 0.020) of the MFR vs. RT relationship was altered during contractions at 80% of MVC prior to the second bout of eccentric exercise. No changes were observed at 50% of MVC. Conclusion: A reduction in antagonist co-activation during the second bout of eccentric exercise suggests less total force was required to move an identical external load. This finding is supported by the increased negative slope coefficient and an increased y-intercept of the linear relationship between RT and MFR.
Open Access
Adaptive Effects of Static Muscular Strength Training
(Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 1975-10-01) LaVerne L. Hoag; J. Robert Howard; Jerry L. Purswell
The trend towards mechanization of tasks involving manual labor has increased the importance of static muscular activity (isometric contractions). Information about the physiological reaction to static muscular activity has been increasing rapidly over the last few decades, but little information has been developed on the adaptive responses to chronic exposure to static muscular activity. This paper reports the results of an experiment on adaptive cardiovascular changes to a five week training program in which the % MVC was maintained at 50% for the entire program, i.e., weekly adjustments were made for increases in strength. The only significant change in the cardiovascular response to the training program was an increase in the rate at which the heart rate increased during periods of contraction. The average level of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure did not change with training. Neither the systolic or diastolic blood pressure modified their rates of change due to training. Significant changes in strength and endurance hold capacity were also noted.