Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Black Bears (Ursus americanus) During a Range Expansion into Oklahoma

Abstract

Successful translocation of black bears (Ursus americanus) into Arkansas led to their restoration into former ranges and expansion of bears into Oklahoma, populating areas devoid of bears since 1915. Genetic monitoring of this event provides an opportunity to examine its unique characteristics and to gather valuable information for wildlife managers. We collected 1,166 hair samples from 128 hair snares in June-August 2004-2006. Of the 498 (42.7%) samples from which DNA was extracted, 332 (66.7%) were genotyped, 161 (48.5%) of which were unique individuals with 52 (32.3%) recaptures. Maintenance of gene flow from the source population should preserve high levels of genetic diversity typical of large black bear populations in North America. Recent admixture of dispersing bears with individuals representing other gene pools may have occurred. Incorporation of genetic and demographic data is essential to understanding population status and to develop a successful management plan for this large carnivore.