This work discusses the emergence of easel painting as an art form in Oklahoma American Indian communities and the commoditization of American Indian art during the twentieth century. The lives and art of five Muscogee Creek painters working during the twentieth century, Acee Blue Eagle, Solomon McCombs, Fred Beaver, Joan Hill and Enoch Kelly Haney, are documented and discussed. By examining each artist’s works, their personal biographies and changes in their artistic style, the author demonstrates the multiple ways in which artists respond to fluctuations within the market for American Indian art.