Shared and Unique Patterns of Embryo Development in Extremophile Poeciliids

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dc.contributor.authorRüdiger Rieschen_US
dc.contributor.authorIngo Schluppen_US
dc.contributor.authorR. Brian Langerhansen_US
dc.contributor.authorMartin Plathen_US
dc.date.accessioned2015-01-23T17:17:33Z
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-30T15:35:35Z
dc.date.available2015-01-23T17:17:33Z
dc.date.available2016-03-30T15:35:35Z
dc.date.issued2011-11-07en_US
dc.descriptionWe would like to thank L. Arias-Rodriguez, T. J. Colston, F. J. García de León, and M. Tobler for help during the collections in the field. The Mexican Government and the Municipal of Tacotalpa kindly provided permits for the work in Mexico.en_US
dc.descriptionConceived and designed the experiments: RR. Performed the experiments: RR. Analyzed the data: RR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RR IS RBL MP. Wrote the paper: RR IS RBL MP.en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground Closely related lineages of livebearing fishes have independently adapted to two extreme environmental factors: toxic hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and perpetual darkness. Previous work has demonstrated in adult specimens that fish from these extreme habitats convergently evolved drastically increased head and offspring size, while cave fish are further characterized by reduced pigmentation and eye size. Here, we traced the development of these (and other) divergent traits in embryos of Poecilia mexicana from benign surface habitats (“surface mollies”) and a sulphidic cave (“cave mollies”), as well as in embryos of the sister taxon, Poecilia sulphuraria from a sulphidic surface spring (“sulphur mollies”). We asked at which points during development changes in the timing of the involved processes (i.e., heterochrony) would be detectible. Methods and Results Data were extracted from digital photographs taken of representative embryos for each stage of development and each type of molly. Embryo mass decreased in convergent fashion, but we found patterns of embryonic fat content and ovum/embryo diameter to be divergent among all three types of mollies. The intensity of yellow colouration of the yolk (a proxy for carotenoid content) was significantly lower in cave mollies throughout development. Moreover, while relative head size decreased through development in surface mollies, it increased in both types of extremophile mollies, and eye growth was arrested in mid-stage embryos of cave mollies but not in surface or sulphur mollies. Conclusion Our results clearly demonstrate that even among sister taxa convergence in phenotypic traits is not always achieved by the same processes during embryo development. Furthermore, teleost development is crucially dependent on sufficient carotenoid stores in the yolk, and so we discuss how the apparent ability of cave mollies to overcome this carotenoid-dependency may represent another potential mechanism explaining the lack of gene flow between surface and cave mollies.en_US
dc.description.peerreviewYesen_US
dc.description.peerreviewnoteshttp://www.plosone.org/static/editorial#peeren_US
dc.identifier.citationRiesch R, Schlupp I, Langerhans RB, Plath M (2011) Shared and Unique Patterns of Embryo Development in Extremophile Poeciliids. PLoS ONE 6(11): e27377. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027377en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pone.0027377en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11244/14071
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherPLos Oneen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPLoS ONE 6(11):e27377en_US
dc.relation.urihttp://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027377en_US
dc.rightsAttribution 3.0 United Statesen_US
dc.rights.requestablefalseen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/en_US
dc.subjectPLOSen_US
dc.subjectPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.subjectOpen Accessen_US
dc.subjectOpen-Accessen_US
dc.subjectScienceen_US
dc.subjectMedicineen_US
dc.subjectBiologyen_US
dc.subjectResearchen_US
dc.subjectPeer-reviewen_US
dc.subjectInclusiveen_US
dc.subjectInterdisciplinaryen_US
dc.subjectAnte-disciplinaryen_US
dc.subjectPhysicsen_US
dc.subjectChemistryen_US
dc.subjectEngineeringen_US
dc.titleShared and Unique Patterns of Embryo Development in Extremophile Poeciliidsen_US
dc.typeResearch Articleen_US

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