Geometry-Agnostic Mutual Coupling Calibration for Phased Array Radar Systems

Abstract

Phased array radar systems require precise calibration to ensure accurate beam steering and signal processing. Variations in antenna elements can significantly affect system performance, and traditional calibration methods, which rely on known geometries and specialized equipment, often struggle in real-world settings where data may be incomplete due to factors like amplifier saturation and diverse element configurations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a geometry-agnostic calibration approach that uses mutual coupling measurements for robust calibration, independent of specific antenna configurations. By employing various computational techniques, our method supports both in situ and initial calibration scenarios, offering flexibility for diverse radar systems, including those with nonplanar or independently deployed antennas. The proposed methodology not only generalizes prior calibration techniques but also demonstrates significant improvements in calibration accuracy and operational flexibility, making it a promising solution for applications where traditional methods are impractical.