Grand Canyon National Park Backcountry Trail Users' Perceptions of Safety, Social, Physical, and Policy Impacts from an Increasing Number of Day Users

Abstract

The backcountry trails of the Grand Canyon have recently seen a substantial increase in use due to the popularity of rim-to-rim running and other trail running. This increase may or may not have a social, physical, or safety impact requiring changes in policy or management of the park. The purpose of this study is to gain insight from current backcountry trail users into the perceived safety, social, physical, and policy impacts from increased day use. Q methodology was chosen in order to understand subjective perspectives through mutual relationships between participants. Three viewpoints were revealed. The first viewpoint is described as Guardian Conservationists. The members within this perspective generally care deeply about stewardship and conservation of the Grand Canyon National Park and are willing to do what is necessary to protect it, even if additional regulation impacts their own use. They are also concerned about their own impact on the enjoyment of others. The second viewpoint is described as Competitive Conservationists. The individuals defining this perspective are primarily interested in the physical challenges and want to be left alone to enjoy the Grand Canyon backcountry as is. They do not envision any growth in use and do not see need for additional regulation. The third viewpoint is described as Compromising Conservationists. The individuals within this perspective are concerned about stewardship of the Grand Canyon National Park and their own impact on the enjoyment of others. They acknowledge that park management needs to address the increased use of the trails, but are reluctant to accept new regulation that will impact the enjoyment of their chosen activities (primarily trail running). This data will be useful for the National Park Service and other interested parties as the Backcountry Management Plan is updated to meet current and future visitor demands while meeting the fundamental purpose of the Grand Canyon National Park.