This paper focuses on conceptual frameworks developed in ethnic studies and contemplates what these might contribute in terms of approaching archival and recordkeeping research through an African American lens. The paper explores the epistemological lineage of ethnic studies, its emergence and evolution in the US context; defines and discusses key concepts and contexts salient to ethnic studies, including cultural environments; and comments on the relationships between ethnic studies ideas and those drawn from both traditional and postmodern archival thinking. Lastly, the paper discusses some of the considerations in using conceptual frameworks from ethnic studies in research related to archival practice and recordkeeping in the United States.