Adaptation versus fusion theory in the experience of returned LDS missionaries.

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the outcomes of theory-making, as well as many underlying assumptions surrounding intercultural contact. It does this by examining two competing intercultural theories, Kim's Adaptation Theory and Kramer's Fusion Theory, based on a specific intercultural encounter. This study concentrates on the theoretical descriptions surrounding what happens when individuals return "home" from living in a culture foreign to their own. In this way, determinations of acculturation, deculturation, psychological health, and cultural connection were made and then compared against the theoretical descriptions. Subjects consisted of 55 returned LDS missionaries, individuals spending 18 months to two years immersed in a foreign culture. Each was asked to complete a survey instrument measuring theoretical variables. Responses were then coded with concurrent descriptions of either Adaptation or Fusion Theory, followed by tests of significant difference. Results demonstrated that Fusion Theory was more descriptive of the experience of returned LDS missionaries. Other variables, such as time and co-cultural affiliation, were also identified as important in the intercultural exchange.