The psychology of religion has long attempted to clearly identify religion’s effects on individuals’ beliefs and attitudes. Many of these results have been contradictory, with some indicating religion to have prosocial effects while others indicating the opposite. The current studies were designed to explore a possible alternative explanation; that cultural variables, specifically honor ideology, might react differently with different religious orientations, producing the contradictory results seen within the psychology of religion. Across three studies, we identified if there was a relationship at all between measures of honor ideology and simple categorical religious identification, identified and classified specific relationships between measures of different honor facets and religious orientations, and finally experimentally induced a “faith/honor conflict” between honor ideology and religious orientation. Results of these studies indicated that religion’s prosocial/antisocial effects may depend on the interplay between religious orientation and different facets of honor ideology. Implications of these findings are discussed. Keywords: religion, honor, culture, retaliation