Depression and Anxiety in Pilots: A Qualitative Study of SSRI Usage in US Aviation and Evaluation of FAA Standards and Practices Compared to ICAO States

Abstract

Before 2010, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) did not allow airmen to exercise the privileges of pilot in command (PIC) of an aircraft or obtain a medical certificate if one had been diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and/or taking an SSRI medication. Since 2010, the FAA has relaxed its views and certification standards. However, this is not an issue unique to the United States. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and other ICAO States began looking at these issues in early 2000. ICAO and most ICAO States have identified the need for further research regarding mood disorders and airmen. In addition, ICAO has issued guidance regarding certification standards, though each ICAO State has the authority to set its own standards. While the FAA and the other ICAO States have accepted mood disorders in aviation as a reality, much is additional work is needed to unify standards within the international community. States which have more stringent standards may force airmen to seek alternative treatment options and not disclose crucial medical information or seek appropriate treatment options in fear of reprisal. Keywords: ICAO, FAA, SSRI, airmen, mood disorders, anxiety, depression