Fire: An ecological factor in grassland

Abstract

Scope and Method of Study: This report is essentially a survey of the literature dealing with fire as an ecological factor in grassland areas. However, investigations which deal with anatomy, physiology, and non-grassland habitats have also been reviewed when relevant. The associations discussed in detail are the tall, short, and mixed grass prairie, the desert plains, and chaparral. Practical suggestions for burning are also included. Major botanical journals and miscellaneous publications are the main source for the paper.

Findings and Conclusions: The effect of fire on any given habitat is determined by a complex interplay of factors. For this reason it is difficult to generalize from one habitat to another or to form value judgements concerning the usefulness of fire as a tool. It is concluded, however, that the presence or absence of fire will affect climax conditions in many areas. From a practical point of view fire in tall grass prairie is useful in promoting increases in livestock weight if burning is done properly. In short and mixed grass prairie the slow rate of mulch accumulation and small annual rainfall make burning a hazardous procedure. In desert plains, fire may be necessary for protection from noxious shrubs while in chaparral it is the important factor in maintaining climax conditions.