Michael Pfau is professor and chair of the Department of Communication at the University of Oklahoma where Michel Haigh and Elaine Wittenberg are doctoral students. Mitchell Gettle, Michael Donnelly, Gregory Scott, and Dana Warr were students in the Department of Defense Joint Course in Communication at the University of Oklahoma when this study was conducted. All are in military public affairs: MSgt. Gettle with the 436th Airlift Wing, Dover AFB, DE; Maj. Donnelly with American Forces Network, Europe; 1st Lt. Scott at the Marine Corps Air Station, Miramar; and Petty Officer 2nd Class Warr with the Seventh District PADET, Jacksonville, FL.