Elk Habitat Use During Calving Season with Possible Effects on White-Tailed Deer at the Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine habitat utilization patterns of elk in summer with particular emphasis on describing the habitat used for calving activities. Home range size, diurnal habitat preferences and use were determined during May through August, 1976 and 1977. Behavioral interactions between cows and their calves, and between elk and deer are also discussed. In addition, evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that elk may be forcing deer into marginal habitat for fawning through interspecific spatial competition, thus predisposing the fawns to predation.