Q methodological study describing value orientations of the arts according to arts educators

Abstract

This Q methodological study addresses the subjective opinions of arts educators concerning the values the arts bring to the school curriculum and to society. In order to effectively defend the inclusion of the arts in budget-constrained schools, to clarify confusing and contradictory rationale for arts education and potentially to guide teacher training decisions, it was considered necessary to identify what opinions arts educators hold in terms of value orientations. A review of relevant literature in education, aesthetics, psychology, sociology and related fields was conducted to identify the breadth of the field and to develop an initial interview protocol. Six arts educators representing visual arts, music and drama were subsequently interviewed. The results of the interviews and the literature review were used to construct a 47 statement Q set which was sorted by 25 arts educators. PQMethod software was used to analyze the results and a three factor solution resulted. In addition to the comparison of statement positions on each factor, narrative input provided by the participants and interview commentary provided by interviewees who defined the factors aided in the interpretation of the results. The three factors were interpreted to be Arts Orientation, Student Orientation and Equity Orientation. Themes in the Arts value orientation included passion for the arts and quality of life; whereas Student orientation values the connectedness of the arts to other subjects, academic benefits and the learning environment. Equity orientation values the arts for bringing cultural equity into the schools and values accessibility for all. Common perspectives amongst the factors were associated with creativity and problem solving, communication roles, and rejecting the value of an art for only its excellence in the art. Demographic data was solicited addressing age, gender, education and discipline taught. An orientation distinction between visual and performing arts educators is suggested.