Theodore, Christine M.Stamps, Blake W.King, Jarrod B.Price, Lauren S. L.Powell, Douglas R.Stevenson, Bradley S.Cichewicz, Robert H.2015-03-312016-03-302015-03-312016-03-302014-03-03Theodore CM, Stamps BW, King JB, Price LSL, Powell DR, et al. (2014) Genomic and Metabolomic Insights into the Natural Product Biosynthetic Diversity of a Feral-Hog-Associated Brevibacillus laterosporus Strain. PLoS ONE 9(3): e90124.http://hdl.handle.net/11244/14241The authors thank C. A. Mitchell for advice concerning the organization of the biosynthetic gene clusters in B. laterosporus PE36. We acknowledge J. Villemarete for providing access to the feral hog for sampling. Author contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: BSS RHC. Performed the experiments: CMT BWS JBK LSLP DRP. Analyzed the data: CMT BWS JBK LSLP DRP BSS RHC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CMT BWS DRP. Wrote the paper: CMT BWS BSS RHC.Bacteria associated with mammals are a rich source of microbial biodiversity; however, little is known concerning the abilities of these microbes to generate secondary metabolites. This report focuses on a bacterium isolated from the ear of a feral hog from southwestern Oklahoma, USA. The bacterium was identified as a new strain (PE36) of Brevibacillus latersporus, which was shown via genomic analysis to contain a large number of gene clusters presumably involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. A scale-up culture of B. latersporus PE36 yielded three bioactive compounds that inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (basiliskamides A and B and 12-methyltetradecanoic acid). Further studies of the isolate's secondary metabolome provided both new (auripyrazine) and previously-described pyrazine-containing compounds. In addition, a new peptidic natural product (auriporcine) was purified that was determined to be composed of a polyketide unit, two L-proline residues, two D-leucine residues, one L-leucine residue, and a reduced L-phenylalanine (L-phenylalanol). An examination of the genome revealed two gene clusters that are likely responsible for generating the basiliskamides and auriporcine. These combined genomic and chemical studies confirm that new and unusual secondary metabolites can be obtained from the bacterial associates of wild mammals.Copyright: © 2014 Theodore et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.secondary metabolites; leucine; bacteria; reverse-phased high performance liquid chromatography; mammals; two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy; amino acid analysis; ultraviolet radiationArticle10.1371/journal.pone.0090124